Vaccines

Vaccines are pivotal in curbing the impact of epidemics caused by seasonal and emerging infectious diseases. Lessons from COVID-19 underscore the need for comprehensive immunity strategies beyond traditional injection vaccines, highlighting the importance of mucosal vaccination and T cell responses. Cutting-edge platforms have been established to develop mucosal and DNA vaccines targeting a spectrum of pathogens, showcasing promising outcomes in inducing robust immune responses. By bridging these innovations with live attenuated and RNA-based vaccines, the goal is to extend protection and address not only respiratory viruses but also the looming threat of antimicrobial resistance. This integrated approach marks a significant stride in fortifying defenses against both respiratory viruses and drug-resistant bacteria, underscoring a commitment to public health resilience.